INUIT PEOPLE THEIR PAST AND THEIR PRESENT
NATIVE INHABITANTS IN NORTH AMERICA LISTENING PRACTICE
NATIVE PEOPLE IN ARGENTINA
wichi's past and present
SOMOS WICHI: TRAILER
NATIVE INHABITANTS: THEIR PAST AND PRESENT
1. Watch the trailer of the Documentary “Somos Wichi” (“We are Wichi”). In groups, answer the questions:
In order to go deeper into the challenges that indigenous peoples face in Argentina everyday, we invite you to watch the documentary. Go to somoswhichi.com to learn more about them.
Video: Tobas get chagas disease
Indigenous Peoples in Argentina: 'We are
strangers in our own country'
The video shows…………………………………………………
Chagas is…………………………………………………………….
Some symptoms are…………………………………………….
The government…………………………………………………….
Tobas can’t …………………………………………………………………
The number of infected people is around…………………………………..
Most of the people live……………………………………………………….
- Read the article and
complete it with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES OF ARGENTINA
Argentina
is a diverse country with 35 indigenous groups as recorded by the Complementary
Survey of the Indigenous People. Over 600,000 Argentines, or 1.49% of the
population, self-identify as indigenous, almost one- fifth of whom are Mapuche.
INDIGENOUS
GROUPS OF ARGENTINA
Mapuche
The
Mapuche __________ (inhabit) the
southwestern regions of Argentina, and also __________ (have) a significant presence in the south-central regions of Chile. Nowadays, they live in those areas,
too. In Argentina, Mapuche people number
around 113,680, which is around 0.3% of the total population. They __________ (be) farmers while their social
organization __________ (consist) of
extended families under the leadership of the Ionko or chief. Today, they are
still organized this way. Mapuche believe in a creator known as the ngenechen
and in a world known as Wenu Mapu and Winche Mapu.
Kolla
The
Kolla are an indigenous people of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia. 70,505 Kolla
people are living in Argentina today, the second highest number of Indigenous
Argentines. They __________ (come)
into contact with the Spanish in 1540 and __________ (resist) them for 110 years before losing lands. The Kolla
__________ (continue) working for
minimal wages even after the Argentina’s independence. Argentina __________ (recognize) the Kolla people the indigenous people of the country
in 1985 by Law 23303. They __________ (regain)
possession of the Santiago Estate which they __________ (loose) to the Spaniards in 1997. Kolla people hold elected
positions and also participate in government activities.
Qom
The
Qom, also known as the Toba, are found in Argentina, Bolivia,
and Paraguay. There are 69,452 Toba living in the provinces of Chaco, Santa Fe,
and Formosa in Argentina. The name Qom means “simple people” while Toba means
“big forehead.” The Toba people _________ (see)
themselves as nomadic hunters and __________ (live) in the forested regions of Chaco before they lost the region
to the Argentinean government in the 1880s. Subsequently, cotton plantations
__________ (employ) them. In 1924,
200 Tobas were massacred by the police and the ranchers. The floods of 1982 also
__________ (destroy) the Chaco
ruining crops in the process. Today, the major threat to Toba is the loss of
land and livelihood
CHALLENGES
FACED BY ARGENTINA'S INDIGENOUS GROUPS
The
numbers of indigenous people in Argentina are estimated to be higher than those
registered because many of these indigenous people hide their identities due to
fears of discrimination and stereotyping. Also, most of them have been
assimilated into western civilization therefore no longer consider themselves as
indigenous people. Many of the natives are still facing challenges of acquiring
land and are also denied certain human rights.
- Correct the mistakes, if any, in the following sentences.
- The Mapuches live in Argentina
and Brazil.
- The Mapuches are Catholic.
- In 1985, the Kollas were
recognized as an Indigenous people of Argentina.
- Nowadays, there is a lower number
of Kollas than of Tobas.
- Tobas can be found in the north
of Argentina.
- Today, argentinians discriminate
against indigenous groups.
- We know the exact number of
indigenous people living in Argentina.
- Complete the chart
with information from the text and from the Internet.
Indigenous
groups of Argentina
|
||||
Mapuche
|
Kolla
|
Qom/
Toba
|
||
Their past
|
Region where they lived
|
|||
Lifestyle and religious beliefs
|
||||
Contact with the Spaniards
|
||||
Their present
|
Region where they live
|
|||
Number of people
|
||||
Language
|
||||
Lifestyle and religious beliefs
|
||||
Participation in the country’s activities
|
||||
Challenges
|
||||
- What about the indigenous groups in San Juan? Read the text
found in the blog “El Portal de Mendoza” and complete it with the correct
form of the verbs.
THE HUARPES
Huarpes
lived in what today is known as the Cuyo region (provinces of San Juan,
Mendoza, and San Luis) from the III Century. They were settled from the region
of Jáchal River in San Juan to the area of Diamante River in Mendoza. It is
believed that by the middle of the XVI Century they __________ (be) about a 100000.
The
features of the Huarpes were different from that of other indigenous American
communities. They __________ (have)
a long head and face, they were tall and thin, the average height in women was
1.60 m and in men 1.70 m. They had dark complexion and both men and women
__________ (wear) long hair.
They
were polytheistic: they __________ (love)
and __________ (respect) God Hunuc
Huar, who lived on the mountains. They also __________ (worship) the sun, the stars, the moon, lightning, hills and
rivers.
Huarpes
lived in valleys close to rivers. They lived in small groups, run by a cacique
(Indian chief), who was the owner of the land. They __________ (settle) villages with few inhabitants,
which they __________ (move) from
place to place depending on the season. Therefore, it can be said that they
were relatively sedentary.
They
__________ (practice) fishing,
hunting and agriculture. Basket making was important, and it __________ (last) until today as a cultural
legacy. These people’s language was characterized for having two dialects:
Huarpe Millcayac, spoken in the valleys of Mendoza; and Allentiac, spoken in
the province of San Juan.
Despite
being extinct, there are still today some descendants in the adjacent areas of
the old Guanacache lake. Their art still remains, their basket making, their
knitting, their irrigation technique using ditches, and also some words that
were adopted by our language.
9 August 2013
LANDS - REPORTED - RESOURCES- - HUMAN -
"We want to live as
human beings. We don’t want to be considered as ………………..1 in our own
country, poor or useless. We want to live without ………………..2 We don’t
want blood shed, we just want to reclaim our …………………3,” said to
Amnesty International Félix Díaz, leader of the Qom indigenous community of
Potae Napocna Navogoh (La Primavera), in the province of Formosa, Argentina.
For decades, …………………4 peoples in Argentina have been treated like
second class citizens, subjected to violence, intimidation and discrimination
with their………………….5 rights ignored. Over the last few years state
and private…………………….6, especially those of the agribusiness and
extractive industries, have built up enormous barriers between Argentina’s
native population and their rights to their …………………7lands. The UN
Special Rapporteur on Indigenous Peoples has ………………….8 the lack of
consultation with the communities that may be affected by development projects
and exploitation of natural ……………….9.
Although native groups are fighting for their
rights……………………………………………
In the past they occupied 90% of our territory, however,
………………………………………….
They had their customs, for instance, …………………………………………………………………
Some groups…………………………………………….,but others, ………………………………
